Summer is extremely hot in Mumbai and all over India. The soaring temperatures can lead to dehydration, fatigue, and can significantly strain our cardiovascular systems. This affects our heart and overall body in many ways, particularly for those who are already predisposed to heart conditions. Heart disease patients should take extra care during this period of the year, ensuring they stay hydrated and avoid excessive physical exertion during peak hours. The combination of heat and humidity can exacerbate existing health issues, making regular monitoring crucial. In this blog post, I will discuss how summer changes our body physiology as well as precautions to be taken during this period.

During extreme summer, the human body undergoes several physiological changes to maintain internal temperature and prevent overheating. Sweating increases significantly, helping cool the body through evaporation, but also leading to loss of water and essential electrolytes like sodium and potassium. Blood vessels near the skin dilate (a process called vasodilation), improving heat dissipation but sometimes causing a drop in blood pressure, resulting in fatigue or dizziness. The heart rate rises to maintain adequate blood flow and cooling. If fluid and salt losses are not replenished, dehydration, heat exhaustion, or even heat stroke can occur.

Many heart disease patients are on medications that alter the hydration status of the body, and their effect can be significantly exaggerated due to the soaring temperatures of hot summer months. Some medications are specifically prescribed to decrease extra accumulated fluids in the body, such as diuretics like Lasix (frusemide) and Dytor (torsemide). During extreme summer conditions, it’s often necessary to assess the doses of these medicines; in some cases, they may need to be decreased to mitigate the risks associated with excessive depletion of the body water. In extreme scenarios, it may even become essential to stop these medications completely to ensure patient safety. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals to meet with their consulting Cardiologist or physician for proper advice tailored to their health needs and to discuss any adjustments in their treatment plans, especially during periods of abnormally high temperatures when risks are heightened. Because of dehydration in many hypertensive patients BP falls alarmingly and they may need dose adjustments of antihypertensive drugs. Even few anti diabetic drugs also may need dose adjustments like SGLT2 inhibitors.

Many heart disease patients are told to restrict their fluid intake to prevent complications like fluid overload, pulmonary edema (e.g. patients with low ejection fraction or valvular heart diseases). However, in summer the requirement of water significantly increases. Therefore, after consulting with your doctor, it may be necessary to increase fluid intake to avoid excessive dehydration, which can lead to more severe health issues. Ensuring adequate hydration at the same time avoiding fluid overload in these patients is essential, as it helps maintain proper blood volume and circulation and avoids unnecessary hospitalization.

During the summer months heart disease patients should take special precautions when it comes to outdoor activities. It is advisable to avoid going outdoors during the afternoons when temperatures soar to their peak. Exposure to high temperatures can lead to increased strain on the heart and could exacerbate existing health concerns. When it is necessary to be outside, wearing lightweight and light-colored clothing can be beneficial. Such attire helps to reflect sunlight, keeping the body cooler and reducing the risk of overheating. Staying in shady areas and taking frequent breaks indoors can also help manage body temperature effectively.

Furthermore, if the patient experiences any episodes of fever, loose motions or vomiting, it is crucial to take these symptoms seriously. Such conditions can exacerbate dehydration and disrupt electrolyte levels even further. Therefore, seeking immediate medical advice during this period is necessary to ensure appropriate management and to prevent any potential complications. Regular monitoring and prompt consultation with a healthcare professional can help mitigate risks and maintain the patient’s health effectively throughout the summer months.

Few investigations, such as renal function tests and serum electrolytes, should be repeated frequently during the summer months. This is particularly important as these tests may show abnormal results as a combined effect of the medications the patient is taking and dehydration. If reports are abnormal early dose adjustment can be done to avoid serious complications.

Intake of alcohol or caffeinated drinks during summer may lead to even more dehydration. Alcohol and caffeine act like diuretics and their consumption can exacerbate fluid loss. Therefore, it is essential to be mindful of our beverage choices during hot months; both alcohol and caffeine should be decreased or avoided altogether in favor of hydrating options such as water, herbal teas, or electrolyte-rich drinks.

Patients with prior heart procedures like angioplasty and mechanical heart valves should take extra care in summer, as dehydration may lead to thickening of the blood and can block the stent and valves, potentially resulting in serious health complications which are fatal. Making a conscious effort to monitor your fluid consumption can help ensure that you maintain optimal blood viscosity and promote better circulation, ultimately safeguarding your cardiovascular health.

Apart from all this, it is essential to emphasize the significance of incorporating routine precautions into your daily life. A healthy diet, rich in essential nutrients, can greatly contribute to your overall well-being. It is important to prioritize foods that are low in saturated fats, sugars, and sodium, while including plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. These dietary choices can not only boost your immune system but also support cardiovascular health.

Engaging in regular exercise is equally vital. Finding a time that suits your schedule, such as early mornings when the temperatures are cooler, can make physical activity more enjoyable and sustainable. Activities might include brisk walking, jogging, cycling, or even practicing yoga. The key is to promote consistency, as even short sessions of physical activity can lead to significant improvements in your health over time.

Moreover even during summer adhering to the medication regimen prescribed by your doctor is crucial. It’s important to take medications as directed, not only for managing existing health conditions but also for preventing potential complications. Regular consultations with your healthcare provider can help in assessing your health status and making necessary adjustments to your treatment plan.

In conclusion, the sweltering summer months pose unique challenges, especially for individuals with pre-existing heart conditions. Understanding how extreme heat affects the body and taking timely, informed precautions can significantly reduce health risks. Staying well-hydrated, monitoring medications, avoiding peak heat hours, and consulting your cardiologist for any necessary treatment adjustments are key steps toward safeguarding your heart during this season. With a balanced approach that includes healthy lifestyle choices, regular medical supervision, and awareness of early warning signs, it is entirely possible to navigate the summer safely and maintain optimal cardiovascular health.

Dr. Tamiruddin A. Danwade is a highly regarded Senior Consultant Interventional Cardiologist and Structural Heart Disease Specialist with extensive experience in his field. He is dedicated to providing exceptional care and cutting-edge treatment options to patients dealing with various cardiovascular conditions.

Dr. Danwade practices at Medicover Hospital, located in Sector 10, Kharghar, a facility known for its advanced medical technology and patient-centered approach. Here, he collaborates with a multidisciplinary team to ensure comprehensive management of heart diseases, focusing on both intervention and structural heart solutions.

In addition to his hospital practice, Dr. Danwade also operates the Mother & Rhythm Clinic, which is situated in a convenient location at Shop No 29 Manomay CHS LTD, Plot No. 1, Sector 35D, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210. This clinic serves as an additional resource for patients seeking specialized treatments and personalized care related to heart health.

For those interested in scheduling an appointment with Dr. Tamiruddin A. Danwade, you can contact the clinic directly at 093214 59928. His commitment to excellence in cardiology ensures that patients receive the best possible outcomes and support throughout their treatment journey.